据当地山区旅游协会和旅馆老板,称，在尼泊尔'与中国边境发生毁灭性洪水之后，尼泊尔'著名的冒险旅游业面临着严峻的现实检验,。
Nepal的 renowned adventure tourism industry faces a sobering reality check, according to local mountain tourist associations and hostel owners, following devastating flooding on Nepal的 border with China.
当局周二称，上周的灾难,席卷了尼泊尔和西藏边境,沿线的村庄，死亡人数为987,。近 4,250 人缺少他们添加的,。
The death toll from last week的 disaster, which tore through villages along the Nepal-Tibet border, stood at 987, authorities said Tuesday. Nearly 4,250 people were missing, they added.
这场灾难于 8 月 26 日在喜马拉雅山, 山脉中开始，该山脉包含一些世界 最高的山峰,，其中包括最高的, 珠穆朗玛峰。
The catastrophe began on Aug. 26 in the Himalayas, a mountain range that contains some of the world的 highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest.
尼泊尔北部的一次大规模冰川崩塌引发了冰、岩石和融水滑坡进入,以下的山谷，强大的洪水席卷或切断了整个社区，并损坏了道路,桥梁和水力发电设施。
A massive glacial collapse in northern Nepal triggered a landslide of ice and rock and meltwater into the valleys below, with powerful floods sweeping away or cutting off entire communities and damaging roads, bridges and hydropower facilities.
悲剧,促使尼泊尔总理巴伦德拉·沙阿推动国际气候行动,，凸显了气候变化对探险旅游的影响日益加大。
The tragedy, which prompted Nepali Prime Minister Balendra Shah to push for international climate action, underscores the growing impact of climate change on adventure tourism.
Rajendra Bahadur Lama, 尼泊尔登山协会, 秘书长将洪水描述为对尼泊尔的 旅游业的"严重警告"。
Rajendra Bahadur Lama, general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association, described the floods as a "serious warning" for Nepal的 tourism industry.
"这场灾难不应被视为尼泊尔'冒险旅游的结束;这应该是一个警钟," Lama在一封电子邮件中告诉CNBC。 "气候变化正在改变喜马拉雅山,，尼泊尔现在必须建立一个不仅具有冒险精神的,，而且更安全、,、更智能且具有气候适应能力的旅游业。"
"This disaster should not be seen as the end of Nepal的 adventure tourism; it should be a wake-up call," Lama told CNBC in an email. "Climate change is changing the Himalayas, and Nepal must now build a tourism industry that is not only adventurous, but safer, smarter and climate-resilient."
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旅游基础设施, 路线和目的地需要进行评估和重新设计，以更好地保护洪水, 山体滑坡和其他极端事件, 喇嘛说, 指出国际游客"越来越意识到"气候变化和安全。
Tourism infrastructure, routes and destinations will need to be assessed and redesigned with better protection for floods, landslides and other extreme events, Lama said, noting that international tourists are "increasingly conscious" of climate change and safety.
计算成本
Counting the cost
据报道，为了从灾难, 尼泊尔, 南亚最不发达国家之一, 的灾后重建，估计成本在$40 亿至$50 亿, 之间，相当于其经济的近十分之一。
To rebuild from the catastrophe, Nepal, one of the least developed countries in South Asia, has reportedly estimated a cost of between $4 billion and $5 billion, equivalent to nearly one-tenth of its economy.
旅游业是尼泊尔经济的核心支柱，也是外汇和收入的主要来源。 The country of nearly 30 million is world-renowned as a hotspot for trekking and mountaineering, as well as a premier global destination for spiritual travel.
The tourism industry is a core tenet of the Nepalese economy and serves as a major source of foreign exchange and revenue. The country of nearly 30 million is world-renowned as a hotspot for trekking and mountaineering, as well as a premier global destination for spiritual travel.
游客在过去几天取消了预订,，但是, 尼泊尔即将进入 9 月 15 日至 11 月 15 日最受欢迎的旅游季节, 说，Saroj Bhandari, 位于首都加德满都, 的 Wander Thirst 旅馆老板, 距离洪水现场有 5 个多小时 车程。
Tourists have cancelled bookings in the last several days, however, just as Nepal heads into its most popular travel season from Sept. 15 to Nov. 15, said Saroj Bhandari, owner of the Wander Thirst hostel in the capital city of Kathmandu, more than five hours drive from the flood site.
班达里 (Bhandari) 预计, 最多, 他的 122 个床位旅馆在今年旅游旺季期间的入住率将达到 60%,，低于去年的 100%。他说，大部分取消航班都来自欧洲游客,。
Bhandari expects that, at best, his 122-bed hostel will reach 60% occupancy during that peak tourist season this year, down from 100% last year. Most of the cancellations have come from European tourists, he said.
"这次只有尼泊尔的一部分受到洪水的破坏，很多游客认为去尼泊尔'不安全，因为,"他说,指出这个国家不仅有山脉，还有平原。
"This time only the one part of Nepal is little damaged by the flood and a lot of the tourists think it的 not safe to go to Nepal because of that," he said, noting the country does not only consist of mountains but also flatland.
班达里说，尼泊尔雨季风季即将结束。他强调了政府的 山体滑坡警报和道路封闭, 系统，并指出该州通常每天与旅馆, 分享有关洪水和山体滑坡的警告,，然后旅馆将其传递给客人。
Bhandari said Nepal is nearing the end of its rainy monsoon season. He emphasized the government的 system for landslide alerts and road closures, noting the state typically shares warnings about floods and landslides with the hostel every day, which the hostel then passes on to guests.
虽然他不知道中国是否已发出警报,，但班达里表示，最先看到洪水的人已向下游居民发出警告,，但下游地区低估了洪水的规模。
While he was not aware whether China had sent an alert, Bhandari said people who first saw the flood had warned those living downstream of it, but that those downstream had underestimated its size.
当 CNBC 联系到尼泊尔的政府发言人时，他没有立即做出回应。中国'外交部,同时,表示正在准备向尼泊尔提供第三批紧急援助，并将继续与邻国"坚定地站在一起"。
A spokesperson for Nepal的 government was not immediately available to respond when contacted by CNBC. China的 Foreign Ministry, meanwhile, has said it is preparing a third batch of emergency aid for Nepal and will continue to "stand firmly together" with its neighboring country.
西藏 Vista, 是一家在尼泊尔和中国设有办事处的地区旅游组织,，同时, 在给 CNBC 的一份声明中表示，其所有游客和团队成员都很安全。
Tibet Vista, a regional tour organizer with offices in Nepal and China, meanwhile, said in a statement to CNBC that all its travelers and team members were safe.
"洪水发生时，我们的客人都没有在吉隆口岸,，西藏维斯塔的旅客也没有受到灾难的影响,"西藏维斯塔周一表示。 "我们对所发生的事情深感悲痛,，我们与受害者,、他们的家人,以及受这场悲剧影响的每个人同在。"
"None of our guests were at Gyirong Port when the flooding occurred, and no travelers with Tibet Vista were affected by the disaster," Tibet Vista said Monday. "We are deeply saddened by what happened, and our thoughts are with the victims, their families, and everyone affected by this tragedy."
严重的冰川洪水风险
Severe glacial flood risks
美国驻华大使馆于 8 月 30 日指出，由于 9 月 1 日之前的额外降雨，存在进一步发生山体滑坡和洪水的风险。北京已于 8 月 27 日派国务院总理李强视察洪水现场，并在月末例行高层领导人会议上重点讨论应对灾难,，并指出灾难发生在被冰川和潜在危险包围的寒冷高原地区。
The U.S. embassy in China on Aug. 30 noted the risk of further landslides and flooding due to additional rainfall through Sept. 1. Beijing had sent Premier Li Qiang to visit the flood site on Aug. 27 and focused a regular month-end meeting of top leaders on response to the catastrophe, with a readout noting the disaster occurred in a cold plateau region surrounded by glaciers and potential hazards.
联合国助理秘书长周二警告说，喜马拉雅地区数百万人面临冰川洪水,的危险，担心整个河岸可能变得无法居住。
An assistant secretary-general at the United Nations on Tuesday warned that millions of people in the Himalayan region were at risk from glacial floods, with fears that entire riverbanks might become effectively uninhabitable.
"技术发展速度不够快，无法防止这些巨大河流系统沿线的损失,"联合国助理秘书长 Kanni Wignaraja, 在接受路透社采访时告诉路透社。
"Technology cannot move fast enough to prevent loss along these massive river systems that catch the overflow of the glacier lakes," Kanni Wignaraja, an assistant secretary-general at the U.N., told Reuters in an interview.
研究人员此前已在尼泊尔,、中国和印度, 发现了 47 个危险的冰川湖，但后来估计实际数字要高得多。
Researchers have previously identified 47 dangerous glacial lakes in Nepal, China and India, although the real number has since been estimated to be far higher.
"尼泊尔洪水的破坏性影响不可低估," Carlo Buontempo, 欧盟的 哥白尼气候变化服务中心主任 (CS3), 通过电子邮件告诉 CNBC。
"The devastating impacts of the Nepal floods cannot be understated," Carlo Buontempo, director of the European Union的 Copernicus Climate Change Service (CS3), told CNBC by email.
"虽然导致这场灾难的精确事件链需要时间来重建,，但更广泛的情况已经很清楚:世界'的冰冻地区正在失去质量,，并且随着它们的消失,它们变得越来越不稳定。"
"While the precise chain of events that led to this disaster will take time to reconstruct, the wider picture is already clear: the world的 frozen regions are losing mass, and as they do, they are becoming less stable."
事实上, 随着气候变暖, Buontempo 表示，世界各地冰川的消失将对山区景观产生重要影响。
Indeed, as the climate warms, Buontempo said the loss of glacial ice around the world would have important consequences for mountainous landscapes.
"冰川支撑着周围的斜坡; 冻土将裂开的岩石固定在适当的位置; 融水聚集在脆弱的天然水坝后面的湖泊中。他补充说，随着冰层变薄和永久冻土融化,，数千年来保持在一起的山脉开始松开,"。
"Glaciers buttress the slopes around them; frozen ground holds fractured rock in place; meltwater collects in lakes behind fragile natural dams. As the ice thins and the permafrost thaws, mountains that were held together for millennia begin to loosen their grip," he added.
这个过程通常缓慢发生,，但有时也可能突然发生—，例如去年 5 月瑞士的 桦木冰川上的一块巨大冰块和岩石崩塌，掩埋了阿尔卑斯山村庄布拉滕。
This process typically happens slowly, but sometimes it can happen suddenly — such as when a massive ice and rock collapse onto Switzerland的 Birch Glacier buried the Alpine village of Blatten in May last year.
"尼泊尔洪水强调了持续卫星监测预警信号的重要性,，以便为未来的风险规划提供信息并能够拯救村庄,，就像布拉滕的情况一样，那里的居民在山体滑坡前被疏散。显然，过去的气候已经发生了变化–，我们必须加倍努力，为未来做好准备," Buontempo 说。
"The Nepal floods underscore the importance of continued satellite monitoring for early-warning signs, to inform future risk planning and be able to save villages, as in the case of Blatten where residents were evacuated before the landslide. It is evident that the climate of the past has shifted – we must redouble our efforts in preparing for the future," Buontempo said.
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