人工智能正在改变科学研究——不仅作为一种更强大的工具,，而且作为研究周期本身的自主参与者。这种转变构成,最精确意义上的,研究的工业化:从工艺模型,（其中知识,方法,和判断嵌入研究人员,）到管道模型,的转变，其中这些步骤被分解,自动化,并受到监督。美国能源部的'创世任务是当前这一转变,最雄心勃勃的实例，但它提出的根本问题远远超出了任何单一计划。本文探讨了七个这样的问题: 科学能力代际传递的侵蚀; 人工智能生成的理论日益不透明; 在大量机器生成的产出下同行评价的崩溃; 人工智能在范式转变发现方面未经证实的能力; 政治和工业参与者对科学议程的掌握; 闭环管道中系统性错误的复合; 以及全球研究界陷入不可通约的结构性分歧层。这些担忧并不构成反对人工智能驱动科学的论据——人工智能所展示的潜力是真实且重要的。它们构成了负责任地发挥潜力的条件。
Artificial intelligence is transforming scientific research -- not merely as a more powerful instrument, but as an autonomous participant in the research cycle itself. This transition constitutes, in the most precise sense of the term, the industrialization of research: a shift from a craft model, in which knowledge, method, and judgment are embedded in the researcher, to a pipeline model, in which these steps are decomposed, automated, and supervised. The US Department of Energy的 Genesis Mission is the most ambitious current instantiation of this shift, but the fundamental questions it raises extend far beyond any single program. This essay examines seven such questions: the erosion of the intergenerational transmission of scientific competence; the growing opacity of AI-generated theories; the collapse of peer evaluation under a flood of machine-generated output; the unproven capacity of AI for paradigm-shifting discovery; the capture of the scientific agenda by political and industrial actors; the compounding of systematic errors in closed-loop pipelines; and the structural bifurcation of the global research community into incommensurable tiers. These concerns do not constitute an argument against AI-driven science -- whose demonstrated potential is real and significant. They constitute the conditions under which that potential can be responsibly pursued.
科目: 人工智能 (cs.AI); 计算机与社会 (cs.CY)
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computers and Society (cs.CY)